ANATOMY OF KIDNEY

ANATOMY OF KIDNEY

Kidney is one of the major organs of human body
It is the main organ in excretion process in our body 
It's important role is to purify blood and remove unwanted waste products from our body

 The kidneys lie on either side of the spine in the retroperitoneal space between the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall, well protected by muscle, fat, and ribs. They are roughly the size of your fist, and the male kidney is typically a bit larger than the female kidney.


POSITION and SIZE


The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs about 4 to 5 inches long that lie behind the abdominal cavity (between the abdominal cavity and the back muscles), one on each side of the vertebral column, slightly above the waistline.
Each kidney of the adult human weighs about 150 grams and is about the size of a clenched fist.

Structure 
Kidney is a compound tubular gland covered by a connective tissue capsule. There is a depression on the medial border of kidney called hilum, through which renal artery, renal veins, nerves and ureter pass.



Different layers


Components of kidney are arranged in three layers
1. Outer cortex
2. Inner medulla
3. Renal sinus.

Outer cortex

Cortex is dark and granular in appearance.
 It contains renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules. 
At intervals, cortical tissue penetrates medulla in the form of columns, which are called renal columns or columns of Bertini.

Inner Medulla

Medulla contains tubular and vascular structures arranged in parallel radial lines. 
Medullary mass is divided into 8 to 18 medullary or Malpighian pyramids.
Broad base of each pyramid is in contact with cortex and the apex projects into minor calyx. 

Renal sinus
Renal sinus consists of the following structures:
i Upper expanded part of ureter called renal Pelvis
ii. Subdivisions of pelvis: 2 or 3 major calyces and about 8 minor calyces
iii. Branches of nerves, arteries and tributaries of
veins
iv. Loose connective tissues and fat.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Space Facts

Image
Interesting Facts about Space  1.Space does not begin at a specific altitude above the Earth, but the Kármán line at 100 km is a commonly used definition. 2  The temperature in the void of space is about −270.45 °C. 3  Space is a hard vacuum, meaning it is a void containing very little matter. 4  There is no sound in space because molecules are too far apart to transmit sound. 5 The space between galaxies is not completely empty but has an average of one atom per cubic meter. 6 There are an estimated 100-400 billion stars in our galaxy, the Milky Way. 7 The universe is observed to be 13.8 billion years old and has been expanding since its formation in the Big Bang. 8 In the observable universe there are an estimated 2 trillion (2,000,000,000,000) galaxies. 9 The International Space Station is the largest ever crewed object in space. 10 Spacecraft have visited all the known planets in our solar system.   The Solar System Asteroid Bel...
Read more

What is DNA replication?

Image
Definition: DNA replication is a fundamental process occurring in all living organisms to copy DNA. In this process, each strand of the parent double-stranded DNA molecule acts as a template for the synthesis of the complementary daughter strand. It proceeds from 5’ to 3’ direction. DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division.   DNA replication  The first step in DNA replication is to ‘unzip’ the double helix structure of the  DNA ?  molecule. This is carried out by an  enzyme ?  called helicase which breaks the  hydrogen bonds ?  holding the  complementary ?   bases ?  of DNA together (A with T, C with G). The separation of the two single strands of DNA creates a ‘Y’ shape called a replication ‘fork’. The two separated strands will act as templates for making the new strands of DNA. One of the strands is oriented in the 3’ to 5’ direction (towards the replicati...
Read more